The headlines are all about the tragic events in Iraq at the moment.
The extremist group, Isis, has made remarkable gains.
Some argue that this proves that we should never have invaded Iraq in
the first place. Others (like myself) think that the decision to pull
out all troops at the end of 2011 is responsible for the collapse.
But whatever your interpretation of the past, we need to figure out
how this latest Iraq crisis will affect global markets in the future.
Could the latest crisis spark a wider conflict, sending oil prices soaring? Or are these fears overblown?
And do you need to take any measures to protect yourself?
Why is this taking place?
We’ll be taking a more detailed look at the causes of the events in Iraq in this week’s magazine.
However, there are three main reasons for the current crisis.
Firstly, Iraq is a country divided along religious lines. While most
Iraqis are Shia Muslims, there are significant numbers of Sunni Muslims
(along with Kurds and a small Christian population). Saddam Hussein’s
regime heavily favoured the Sunni minority while the Sunnis now claim
that the current government has been doing the same thing in reverse.
The second factor is the influence of external countries. Since
Saddam’s fall, several regimes (especially Iran and Syria) have
supported terrorist groups. Ironically, many of these terrorist groups
ended up turning on their former masters. This is most apparent in the
case of Syria, where Isis now controls a swathe of the Syria/Iraq
border. The Syrian conflict is now spilling over into Iraq.
Finally, there is evidence that some of the Gulf States, such as Saudi Arabia, are backing Isis in order to counter Iran.
So is this a threat?
It’s clear that Isis has made tremendous gains. However, the Iraqi
government still has a large advantage in terms of material, soldiers
and funds. Large numbers of civilians have also joined up. Iran has also
sent a small number of special forces.
What’s more, while the US has not formally made a decision, it looks
like these events will force it to expand support for Nouri al-Maliki’s
government, and launch some form of air campaign.
Already there is evidence that Baghdad has halted the Isis advance
and forced them onto the defensive. It’s also important not to overstate
importance of sectarian factors. While Sunnis may not like Maliki, most
of them don’t want anything to do with the insurgents.
All this means that the most likely outcome is a prolonged insurgency
in parts of the country, not the immediate implosion of Iraq. Isis
probably won’t seize Baghdad.
What this all means for investors
So, should investors panic and sell all their shares?
Well, there are plenty of reasons to think twice about certain markets. For instance, the US is trading at a sky-high Cape ratio of over 25. Other measures, such as price-to-book value (price relative to net assets) and Tobin’s Q (the cost of replacement capital) tell a similar story.
So, there are good reasons to fret about US share prices, but the Iraq crisis probably isn’t one of them.
And overall, there’s no reason to dump shares in general, since the
wider impact (in terms of markets) is likely to be limited. Indeed,
studies suggest that investors have a tendency to overreact to bad
headlines. So, you might want to look at the cheaper markets, like
Ireland and Greece.
As for oil, the oil prices
have gone up in the past few days to the highest levels since last
September. If prices rise further and stay at higher prices for some
time, we could see a modest slowdown in economic growth.
However, the impact of the crisis on the oil market is likely to be
smaller than some people expect. Remember that most of Iraq’s oilfields
remain in either the government’s hands, or are controlled by the
Kurds. In any case, Iraq’s production lags behind that of Saudi Arabia
and Iran. Thanks to the fracking-related oil boom, Iraq produces less
than 40% of the US’s output.
I fear that we’re going to see more horrifying pictures from Iraq in the weeks ahead, but investors should stay calm.
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